In India, over one million people are affected by sickle cell disease annually, with a significant prevalence in tribal communities across states like Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Maharashtra, and Odisha. The disease is characterized by the production of abnormally shaped red blood cells, leading to chronic pain, infections, and other serious complications.

Recognizing the urgency of the situation, Government of India, has launched the National Sickle Cell Anaemia Elimination Mission, aiming to eliminate the disease as a public health problem by 2047. This mission targets to screen approximately 7.0 crore people under 40 years of age in the next 3 years, distributing genetic status cards, and prioritizing the health of tribal communities. The special focus is on Madhya Pradesh. As a response to this call for action, IPE Global Centre for Knowledge and Development (CKD) implemented a campaign to sensitise and educate school going students in Jhabua, Madhya Pradesh, on SCA. SCA is commonly found in Jhabua, and the Department of Tribal Affairs, along with the health department, have been addressing this concern, working to initiate testing and treatment of SCA. Our project Sashakt, was a successful model, on how with multi stakeholder engagement and launching an effective SBCC campaign, awareness can be build. This indeed was an important milestone in lives of many families, who by mere testing and treatment, will prevent the penetration of SCA into the future generations.

During the course of the interventions, it was found that Adolescents with SCA face a range of challenges that affect their physical health, psychological well-being, social interactions, and educational opportunities. These health issues can result in reduced exercise capacity, growth delays, and increased susceptibility to infections, which can further impair their quality of life. There are multiple facets of issues faced by an adolescent with SCA which are not limited to health only.

Psychologically, the chronic nature of the disease and its complications can lead to feelings of anxiety, depression, and social isolation. Adolescents may struggle with the burden of managing a lifelong condition, which can eventually affect their self-esteem and mental health.

Socially, the recurrent health problems associated with SCA can lead to absenteeism from school and social events, limiting adolescents’ opportunities to form friendships and participate in normal activities. This can result in a sense of alienation and hinder their social development.

From education perspective, the impact of SCA on cognitive functions such as attentiveness and memory can affect academic performance. Frequent absences from school due to illness or medical appointments can lead to gaps in learning and lower educational attainment, which can have long-term consequences on their career prospects.

The impact of sickle cell disease extends beyond the individual; it affects families and communities, hindering growth and development. Therefore, addressing sickle cell anemia is not just a health imperative but also from the socio-economic perspective.

Sickle Cell Anemia Awareness Day, observed every year on June 19th, serves as an important platform to educate the public about the disease, its challenges, and treatment options. It’s a day to advocate for those living with sickle cell anemia and to call for increased support and resources. As we commemorate Sickle Cell Anemia Awareness Day, let’s remember that it’s more than just a day of awareness—it’s a call to action. It’s a reminder that through collective efforts, we can make a significant difference in the lives of those affected by this disease.

If menstrual health and hygiene is well managed from the start, it has a surprisingly high potential to contribute to increasing female empowerment at a critical stage of a girls’ life so  Let’s get it Right:. Menstruation is a natural and essential part of the reproductive cycle experienced by menstruators worldwide. Unfortunately, it remains shrouded in stigma and misinformation, perpetuating harmful taboos that hinder women’s well-being and equality. According to the most recent National Family Health Survey (NFHS) 5, more than 30 per cent of women between the ages of 15 and 24 do not use hygienic methods of protection during their menstrual period. And have you wondered where trans men dispose their menstrual waste? To address the issue of period inclusivity, poverty and hygiene, it is crucial to start a dialogue on menstruation, break the taboos, and end the stigma surrounding this normal bodily function. By doing so, we can raise awareness about the challenges faced by menstruators regarding access to menstrual products, education about menstruation, and the need for period-friendly sanitation facilities. Mobilizing adequate funding will be essential to ensure action at scale and empower women from all walks of life.

There is need for action on 5 fronts-

Breaking the Taboos and Ending Stigma:  

To break the taboos and end the stigma surrounding menstruation, open and inclusive conversations must take place at various levels, including families, communities, educational institutions, and the media. Menstruation must be looked at through the lens of intersectionality. Access and the burden of social taboos do not cut across socio-economic layers equally. Information dissemination and myth-busting should be a priority for any work that is centred around Menstrual Health and Hygiene Management. It essential to dispel myths, challenge cultural beliefs, and provide accurate information about menstruation. By promoting a culture of acceptance and understanding, we can create an environment where women feel comfortable discussing menstruation openly and seeking the support they need. The ecosystem around a menstruating woman needs to be strengthened in order to ensure that it is conducive for all.

Women are still told not to visit temples during their periods. In many families in India, women can’t perform spiritual activities or go close to auspicious celebrations. Ankita, 36 years old, shares, “At my previous workplace, I was forced to carry my used menstrual pad back home because they didn’t want their male housekeeping staff to manage menstrual waste. They felt it brings them bad luck to see the “dirty blood.”

Mahesh(Name changed for confidentiality), a trans man from Delhi, shares the challenges he faced around access to menstrual products because periods are considered as an “only women’s” issue. “I am not sure where to dispose my pads in public toilets or toilets at work since people think only females menstruate.” Most people are unaware of the struggle transmen have to go through while they are on their periods. It indicates how less we understand periods as a society.

Educating About Menstruation:

The May ’22 report published by UNICEF states that 71% of adolescent girls in India remain unaware of menstruation until they get their first period.

Education plays a pivotal role in dismantling the barriers associated with menstruation. Comprehensive and inclusive menstrual health education should be integrated into school curricula, ensuring that young girls and boys receive accurate information about menstruation from an early age. This education should cover biological aspects, emotional well-being, hygiene practices, and the use of menstrual products. The shame attached to menstruation along with inaccessibility to menstrual hygiene has integral role to play in girls dropping out of schools. The promotion of knowledge and understanding empowers individuals to make informed choices and eliminate the fear and shame associated with menstruation.

In a heart-breaking incident that sent shockwaves throughout the country, a 12-year-old girl was brutally tortured and killed by her brother in Ulhasnagar, Thane district. The young girl had just started menstruating and had period stains on her clothes, which her brother mistook for evidence of an affair. We can tell how women’s lives are controlled by those who have never cared to know all about periods.

Addressing Challenges in Access to Menstrual Products:

Lack of access to affordable and hygienic menstrual products is a significant challenge faced by menstruators in many parts of the world. This issue hampers their ability to participate fully in social, educational, and economic activities. Governments, NGOs, and private entities must work together to ensure the availability and affordability of menstrual products, especially in marginalized communities. Additionally, initiatives promoting reusable and sustainable alternatives can contribute to long-term environmental and economic benefits. According to NFHS-5, access to safe menstrual practices is inversely proportional to their economic status.

Pakistani Hindu refugee women who have been living at Signature bridge in the capital of the country have had no access to menstrual products. They use dry leaf and lose soil to manage their period flow. It is shocking to come across these stories in 2023.

Creating Period-Friendly Sanitation Facilities:

Inadequate sanitation facilities pose a severe challenge for menstruators during menstruation. Many public spaces, schools, and workplaces need clean and private toilets, proper waste disposal systems, and access to water. This not only compromises women’s health but also leads to their exclusion and discomfort. Governments and organizations should prioritize constructing and maintaining period-friendly sanitation facilities, including separate toilets equipped with clean water, sanitary bins, and handwashing facilities. Such efforts will contribute to women’s and girls’ overall well-being and dignity.

Mobilizing Funding for Action at Scale:

To effectively address the challenges related to menstruation, sufficient funding is crucial. Governments, philanthropic organizations, and the private sector should allocate resources to support comprehensive menstrual health programs. These funds can be utilized to establish education programs, provide access to affordable menstrual products, and improve sanitation facilities. Mobilizing funding at a larger scale will enable sustainable change, ensuring that all women, regardless of their socioeconomic status, have access to the support and resources they need.

Even though available infrastructure is a major starting point to ensure equity in access to Menstrual Hygiene and Health, starting a dialogue on menstruation, breaking the taboos, and ending the stigma surrounding this natural bodily function is essential for women’s empowerment and gender equality. By raising awareness about the challenges related to access to menstrual products, education, and period-friendly sanitation facilities, we can create a more inclusive and supportive society. Mobilizing adequate funding is crucial to implement sustainable initiatives at scale. Through these combined efforts, we can ensure that menstruation ceases to be a source of shame and instead becomes a catalyst for positive change. There is a need for strategic partnerships among multiple stakeholders to ensure diverse reach for the cause.

There are hopes for the day when no menstruator will face period poverty, no trans man will feel ashamed of buying pads off the counter and no girl will be told to not participate in any activity because she was menstruating.

As India celebrates 75 years of its independence, it’s important to introspect and ask if we have succeeded in ensuring gender equality with the early provision of women’s voting rights. Have we created an equitable future for all? Are men and women on equal footing in 2022 India?

Gender equality ensures that despite the sex assigned at birth, every individual exercises the same rights, responsibilities, and opportunities. For example, women should be paid equally for equal work as their male counterparts. However, the concept of equity is fairer as it accommodates the intersectional angle of disadvantage and vulnerability. Equity refers to justice and fairness and recognises the need for additional support to overcome socio-historical oppression to establish equality. Gender equity is a prerequisite for gender equality. To achieve the full potential of India’s demographic dividend, gender equality is inevitable.

Evaluating the existing inequalities from an intersectional lens of the disadvantage is critical. For example, women from socially and economically poor backgrounds face additional challenges besides gender-induced vulnerability. When an employed urban woman experiences gender discrimination regarding unequal pay and opportunities to uplift her career, rural women struggle to ensure primary education and health services. Deep-rooted social norms and patriarchal establishments hinder her from achieving anything. Therefore, it is vital to address the socio-economic barriers to challenge the gross imbalance experienced by the most marginalised women.

Talking to Pushpa, a tribal woman from Udaipur- about the importance of agency and voice, as a part of the formative research conducted-provoked my thought as she asked me, “I am dependent on my husband for everything, for food, clothes, medicine, etc. I don’t earn anything. So how can I speak for myself and demand anything? What if he stops supporting me financially? Where will I go, and what will I do?

Women like Pushpa who are financially dependent lack the agency of exercising household-level bargaining to ensure equal access to food, education and opportunities. In addition, there are significant barriers stemming from the social positioning of women. The deep-rooted social norms push women from opportunities to learn and earn, placing them in the stereotypical role of a caregiver. Since childhood, it is considered natural for a girl to do household work. In contrast, a boy is kept aloof from the kitchen, reinforcing adulthood in the form of women bearing caregiving burdens while men participate in economic activities.

Gender inequality imposes serious and long-standing consequences on women and young girls, pushing them to child marriage, teenage pregnancy, sexual abuse, exploitation, and violence, challenging women’s physical, mental, social, and emotional well-being. This demands the need to establish comprehensive interventions that uplift the marginalised women by addressing the intersectional disadvantage.

Women’s Social and Economic empowerment is a powerful tool for achieving gender equality.

Project Udaan and Manzil, funded by CIFF (Children’s Investment Fund Foundation) and implemented by IPE Global- a development sector organisation working for women and girls empowerment-sets a good example, addressing the regressive social and gender norms at the
community level that hinders women’s access to education and participation in the workforce. Udaan is a five-year project aimed at reducing teenage pregnancies in Rajasthan, challenging deep-rooted social and economic, factors. One of the strategies of Udaan bridged the gap in girls’ access to education by fixing the demand and supply side barriers.

The Udaan coordinators engaged with the community through different activities and in-person counselling sessions to make them aware of the importance of girls’ education and how the existing government scholarship schemes can enable their daughters to study, challenging
economic hardships. The community awareness sessions were tailored to propagate the idea that a girl child is not a burden to the family but an asset. In addition, the Udaan project engaged with the government of Rajasthan to simplify the scholarship application process through IT-based solutions and reduce the documentation requirement. Committed strategic engagement with the state education department of Rajasthan helped to release the backlogged funds and ensured timely initiation of the scholarship application process and fund disbursement. From 2017 till now, Udaan facilitated the enrollment of nearly 52000 additional girls in secondary school and averted approximately 17500 early marriages.

Recognising the importance of economic participation, Project Manzil has been implemented as the next step for Udaan to ensure an effective transition from school to further studies and work by improving the provision of vocational skills in schools, apprenticeships, and jobs. Over the past two years, the project helped close to 34000 girls to complete vocational courses (28,000 in-school and 6,000 out-of-school). Among them, more than 5000 who attended on-the-job training are employed now. Manzil has significantly improved the attitude of girls and their parents and enhanced their willingness to even travel for 10km to attend the courses

Udaan and Manzil call for development sector reforms by empowering the girls socially, as well as economically and urged them to grow as financially independent women with voice, choice, and agency. Education is the most powerful tool for women to move towards freedom and
equity. Informed participation in decision-making within and outside the family positively impacts their well-being.

Udaan’s champion balikas anchor the program at the grass root level, inspiring many girls to study. The Manzils girls represent the empowered young crowd pursuing higher education and employment, inspiring millions of unprivileged girls in the country.

Have you visited a household in a village, city, or an urban slum? You will find power, opportunity, and security with men, not women. If a house can afford education and means for one child, they will choose the boy of the family over the girl. 10 million girls will be at risk of child marriage over next decade due to covid-19 pandemic. Women and young girls are disproportionately affected around the world. The only make or break of the status quo that we have learnt time and again is rising of the girl power that gives our society a hope strong future and an equal world. It will put an end to other crisis have grown exponentially due to no or lack of participation from women and girls, leaving half the sky caged and affected, that’s world’s half the talent and excellence untapped.

With the inception of Millennium Development Goals, we saw a significant attention paid by governments, international and national regulatory and public rights bodies paying attention to wellbeing of women and young girls. However, the relation between gender equity and overall growth of communities, environmentally and fiscally, got much clearer with emergence of Sustainable
Development Goals. The Girl Effect Theory has been remarkable in the journey of establishing SDG 5 as crosscutting goal across all other SDGs. SDG 5 aims to eliminate all forms of discrimination and violence against women in the public and private spheres and to undertake reforms to give women equal rights to economic resources and access to ownership of property. And we have seen how this clause has got women its due place of action in various national and international decision-making, policy-making bodies. Women have stepped in national parliaments, local governments, and managerial positions. It has ensured women’s full and effective participation and equal opportunities for leadership at all levels of decision-making in political, economic, and public life. As a result of the theory in action, when women are educated, they starting to have means of livelihood which has contributed to starting to end poverty, systems of discrimination, equal participation from all gender, innovation and putting an end to cycle of suppression and inaccessibility to opportunities.

When one woman was empowered, she was able to step out of violence and gave same education and power to her children. That’s exactly where SDG-5 has been instrumental in collecting millions of women change-makers from all walks of life over the globe which has evoked women-led movements who became solely responsible for ending poverty, systems of apartheid and compounding factors of discrimination and slow economy. The shift in this focus to creating gender equity has created warriors as such Leymah Gbowee, Malala and Greta Thunberg who have been global faces for freedom, non- violence, and climate crisis. We can only try to imagine the impact of these women-led movements on girls and women around the world. With great support from organizations like Global fund for women, UN Women, and women’s rights collectives, we have seen the emerging power of solidarity by people of all gender across the globe. And persistent need for focus on intersectionality has covered all gaps of habituated forms of discrimination that has left our world rather potentially unused in all spectrums, entwined in social constructs that create wastage of human resources and time by inflicting forced and complicated systems of gender-based violence. There is hope for sustainable change as we thrive to act as intersectional feminist rights activists and agents of change.